1. The events of September 11, 2001 did not have a major impact on the way international business is conducted. 
a. True
*b. False

2. One of the first international organizations to implement enhanced security measures was the International Maritime Organization. 
*a. True
b. False

3. The International Chamber of Commerce is not involved in security initiatives. 
a. True 
*b. False

4. The United States initial strategy to combat terrorism focused on interdiction. 
*a. True
b. False
 
5. A security policy that emphasizes 100-percent inspection is the best method for detecting explosives. 
a. True
*b. False

6. The C-TPAT program operates very much within the guidelines established by the SAFE initiative. 
*a. True
b. False

7. The United States and the European Union approach security issues in more or less the same way. 
a. True
*b. False

8. Corporations mostly see the benefits of increased security in terms of reduced cargo losses and increased profits. 
a. True
*b. False

9. When a machine erroneously clears a piece of luggage that actually contains a bomb, this is a Type I error. 
a. True
*b. False

10. When a machine erroneously identifies a shipment as containing dangerous cargo, when in reality it is a shipment of innocuous goods, the machine has committed a Type I error. 
*a. True
b. False

11. Type I and Type II errors are mutually exclusive; if a process generates Type I errors, then it does not generate any Type II errors. 
a. True
*b. False

12. In security screening, Type I errors (identifying a safe shipment incorrectly as dangerous) is less dangerous than Type II errors (identifying a dangerous shipment incorrectly as safe). 
a. True
*b. False
 
13. Geo-fencing is a technology that allows a company to monitor whether a truck shipment departs from a pre-determined itinerary. 
*a. True 
b. False

14. Tamper-resistant seals are preferable over traditional seals. 
*a. True
b. False
 
15. Countries located outside of North America and Europe do not feel threatened by terrorism and therefore have not cooperated with international security measures. 
a. True
*b. False


1. Efforts by corporations to reduce the vulnerability of their international supply chain to traditional criminal activities (theft) is called
~ Security management is a corporate function that manages all of the security efforts of a particular company. 
@ Security management is a corporate function that manages all of the security efforts of a particular company. 
*a. security management. 
b. supply chain management. 
c. security studies. 
d. C-TPAT. 
e. safety management

2. Which international organization(s) was(were) involved with developing security measures?
~ NAFTA is a trade agreement, not an international organization in charge of transportation security. The IMF and SWIFT have not enacted any anti-terrorism plans. However, the IMO implemented large-scale security efforts through the SOLAS program. 
@ NAFTA is a trade agreement, not an international organization in charge of transportation security. The IMF and SWIFT have not enacted any anti-terrorism plans. However, the IMO implemented large-scale security efforts through the SOLAS program. 
*a. International Maritime Organization. 
b. Customs Alliance. 
c. NAFTA. 
d. International Monetary Fund. 
e. SWIFT. 

3. Which of the following factors does NOT influence the type of security measures that ports put in place?
~ Location and physical layout influence the technologies used by the ports to monitor for security, and the type of cargo determines the level of security. Size makes no difference. 
@ Location and physical layout influence the technologies used by the ports to monitor for security, and the type of cargo determines the level of security. Size makes no difference. 
a. location. 
b. type of cargo. 
*c. size. 
d. physical layout. 
e. all ports have to enforce identical ISPS requirements. 

4. The primary role of the World Customs Organization has traditionally been
~ WCO is in charge of the simplification and harmonization of Customs procedures. 
@ WCO is in charge of the simplification and harmonization of Customs procedures. 
a. developing security procedures. 
*b. the simplification and harmonization of Customs procedures. 
c. negotiating free trade agreements. 
d. eliminating customs duties. 
e. reducing tariff rates worldwide. 

5. The SAFE initiative was implemented by
~ The SAFE (Security and Facilitation in a Global Environment) initiative was implemented by the WCO in June 2005. 
@ The SAFE (Security and Facilitation in a Global Environment) initiative was implemented by the WCO in June 2005. 
a. the European government. 
*b. the World Customs Organization. 
c. the World Trade Organization. 
d. the International Maritime Organization. 
e. the NAFTA agreement. 

6. C-TPAT program offer companies the following advantages:
~  Customs official will assist C-TPAT companies in the management of their security programs. 
@  Customs official will assist C-TPAT companies in the management of their security programs. 
a. higher probability of Customs inspections at the port of entry. 
b. first-come-first-serve scheduling of inspections when they are deemed necessary. 
*c. assistance from Customs Supply Chain Security Specialists. 
d. faster shipping times. 
e. an assigned Customs official for each shipment. 

7. In addition to the C-TPAT program, the United States has also created which program(s) or initiative(s) to improve security?
~ All of these security measures were among those created by the U. S. government. 
@ All of these security measures were among those created by the U. S. government. 
a. Maritime Transportation Security Act. 
b. Security and Accountability For Every Port Act. 
c. Transportation Workers Identification Credential. 
d. Container Security Initiative. 
*e. All the answers in this response set are programs of the United States designed to improve security. 

8. The European Union based their security initiatives on which international organizations guidelines?
~ The EU based their guidelines on the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code of the International Maritime Organization, and then the SAFE framework of the World Customs Organization. 
@ The EU based their guidelines on the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code of the International Maritime Organization, and then the SAFE framework of the World Customs Organization. 
a. World Trade Organization. 
b. the United Nations. 
c. the International Chamber of Commerce. 
d. the International Security Organization. 
*e. the International Maritime Organization. 

9. European countries have experienced significant violent attacks from which of the following terrorist group(s)?
~ All of these groups committed terrorist attacks at some point since the 1950s. 
@ All of these groups committed terrorist attacks at some point since the 1950s. 
a. the Organisation de lArme Secrte. 
b. the Provisional Irish Republican Army. 
c. Rote Armee Fraktion. 
d. the Baader-Meinhof Gang. 
*e. European countries have experienced attacks from all of the groups in this set of responses. 

10. Countries outside of Europe and North America reacted with policies that mirrored the policies of which country or area?
~ Countries outside of Europe and North America reacted with policies that mirrored the policies of the European Union, by implementing the ISPS Code and SAFE framework. 
@ Countries outside of Europe and North America reacted with policies that mirrored the policies of the European Union, by implementing the ISPS Code and SAFE framework. 
a. the United States. 
*b. the European Union. 
c. Canada. 
d. the United Kingdom. 
e. Russia. 

11. Which U. S. agency is NOT involved with security enforcement?
~ The Secret Services mission does not involve international security, but the security of the President of the United States and protection of the currency. 
@ The Secret Services mission does not involve international security, but the security of the President of the United States and protection of the currency. 
a. Customs and Border Protection. 
*b. Secret Service. 
c. Coast Guard. 
d. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. 
e. Transportation Security Administration. 

12. The management philosophy that encourages every employee, at every level, to recognize the importance of security within the corporation, and suggest improvements in processes and procedures is
~ Total Security Management is a management philosophy based on the Total Quality Management concepts developed by W. Edwards Deming in the 1970s. 
@ Total Security Management is a management philosophy based on the Total Quality Management concepts developed by W. Edwards Deming in the 1970s. 
*a. Total Security Management. 
b. Total Quality Management. 
c. Six Sigma. 
d. Kaizen. 
e. Statistical Security Control. 

13. In order to protect their fixed assets, companies should implement which of the following physical barriers?
~ All of these physical barriers and measures aid in protecting companies fixed assets. 
@ All of these physical barriers and measures aid in protecting companies fixed assets. 
a. build fences around the perimeter. 
b. lock all access doors. 
c. have enough outside lights. 
d. install backup electric generators. 
*e. All of the measures in this answer set have been implemented by companies to protect their fixed assets. 

14. When a security detection process determines that a cargo contains dangerous goods, even though the goods are innocuous (safe), what type of error is it? 
~ Type I error is a statistical concept whereby the research concludes that the null hypothesis should be rejected when, in reality, the null hypothesis is true and should be accepted. 
@ Type I error is a statistical concept whereby the research concludes that the null hypothesis should be rejected when, in reality, the null hypothesis is true and should be accepted. 
*a. Type I error 
b. Type II error
c. Type III error
d. sampling error
e. random error

15. When a security detection process determines that a cargo is innocuous (safe), even though the goods are dangerous, what type of error is it?
~ Type II error is a statistical concept whereby the research concludes that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected when, in reality, the alternative hypothesis is true. 
@ Type II error is a statistical concept whereby the research concludes that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected when, in reality, the alternative hypothesis is true. 
a. Type I error
*b. Type II error
c. Type III error
d. Sampling error
e. random error

16. The policy of a one-hundred-percent inspection is considered flawed because
~ All of these descriptions are reasons why a one-hundred-percent inspection is flawed. 
@ All of these descriptions are reasons why a one-hundred-percent inspection is flawed. 
a. the costs are staggering. 
b. the amount of room it requires is greater than what is normally available. 
c. the personnel needed is very large. 
d. it is ineffective. 
*e. the policy is considered flawed for all of the reasons mentioned in this set of responses

 
Type: F
1. One of the first international organizations to implement enhanced security measures was the   International ____________________ Organization. 
a. Maritime 

Type: F
2. The ____________________ initiative coordinates the efforts of Customs authorities worldwide in their effort to combat terrorism. 
a. SAFE
b. Security and Facilitation in a Global Environment

Type: F
3. The primary goal of the International Chamber of Commerce is to facilitate international ____________________. 
a. trade

Type: F
4. ____________________ is a strategy that attempts to eliminate all imports of a particular type of goods and all entries of a specific group of persons into a country. 
a. interdiction

DIF: Moderate REF: 16-3a

Type: F
5. The ____________________ was created in November 2001 by consolidating into one administration a large number of small private security firms employees. 
a. Transportation Safety Administration
b. TSA

Type: F
6. A ____________________ inspection program is a fallacy. Since there is no conceivable way that the required number of inspectors could be hired, nor that the necessary room would be made available in the ports, the inspection process would be flawed. 
a. one-hundred-percent
b. one hundred percent
c. 100 percent
d. 100%
e. 100 %

Type: F
7. The goal of the ____________________ program is to encourage corporations involved in international trade to enact security measures that would prevent tampering of the shipments at any point in the supply chain; corporations are asked to evaluate their level of security in the supply chain, determine their vulnerability and remedy them. 
a. C-TPAT
b. CTPAT

Type: F
8. The ____________________ emphasized that the reduction of poverty, the enforcement of international agreements against arms proliferation, the restoration of democratic governments in areas of regional conflicts, and an increase in international cooperation for criminal investigations would be most effective in dealing with security threats. 
a. European Union
b. EU
c. E. U. 

Type: F
9. In order to be comprehensive in their security efforts, companies have to secure four areas in their supply chains; their fixed assets (plants, warehouses, distribution centers), their ____________________ while they are in transit, the information on which they rely to manage their operations, and their workforce, to ensure that it is reliable and trustworthy. 
a. inbound and outbound shipments
b. shipments
c. cargo

Type: F
10. In order to protect their shipments while they are in transit, companies implement a different set of measures; they make sure that all cargo containers are ____________________ before they leave any facility
a. sealed